I. Maemo a Kakaretso a Mocheso bakeng sa Cold Chain Logistics
Cold chain logistics e bolela mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa thepa ho tloha sebakeng se seng sa mocheso ho ea ho se seng ka har'a mocheso o laoloang, ho netefatsa boleng le polokeho ea thepa.Liketane tse batang li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lijo, ea meriana le ea litlolo, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng boleng le polokeho.Mocheso o akaretsang oa liketane tse batang o pakeng tsa -18°C le 8°C, empa mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa e hloka mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso.
1.1 Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea mocheso oa Cold Chain
Mocheso oa mocheso oa liketane tse batang o fapana ho ea ka mofuta oa thepa.Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea mocheso oa serame ke e latelang:
1. Mocheso o Tlase haholo: Ka tlase ho -60°C, joalo ka metsi a oksijene le naetrojene e metsi.
2. Leqhoa le Tebileng: -60°C ho ea ho -30°C, joalo ka ice cream le nama e hatselitsoeng.
3. Ho bata: -30°C ho ea ho -18°C, joalo ka lijo tsa leoatleng tse hatselitsoeng le nama e ncha.
4. Deep Freeze: -18°C ho ea ho -12°C, joalo ka surimi le nama ea tlhapi.
5. Sehatsetsing: -12 ° C ho 8 ° C, joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa lebese le lihlahisoa tsa nama.
6. Mocheso oa Kamore: 8°C ho isa ho 25°C, joalo ka meroho le litholoana.
1.2 Mekhahlelo ea Mocheso bakeng sa Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Thepa
Mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa e hloka mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso.Litlhoko tsa mefuta ea mocheso bakeng sa thepa e tloaelehileng ke tsena:
1. Lijo tse Foreshe: Ka kakaretso li hloka ho bolokoa pakeng tsa 0°C le 4°C ho boloka bohloeki le tatso, ha li ntse li thibela ho bata kapa ho senyeha.
2. Lijo tse Hatselitsoeng: Li hloka ho bolokoa le ho tsamaisoa ka tlaase ho -18°C ho netefatsa boleng le polokeho.
3. Meriana ea Meriana: E hloka maemo a thata a polokelo le lipalangoang, hangata a bolokiloe pakeng tsa 2°C le 8°C.
4. Litlolo: Li lokela ho bolokoa ka har'a mocheso o loketseng nakong ea lipalangoang ho thibela mongobo kapa ho senyeha, hangata li bolokiloe pakeng tsa 2°C le 25°C, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa sehlahisoa.
II.Maemo a Mocheso a Khethehileng bakeng sa Indasteri ea Meriana le Lijo
2.1 Pharmaceutical Cold Chain Transport
Lipalangoang tse batang tsa meriana, ntle le tse tloaelehileng -25 ° C ho -15 ° C, 2 ° C ho 8 ° C, 2 ° C ho 25 ° C, le 15 ° C ho 25 ° C litlhoko tsa mocheso, ho na le litlhoko tse ling tse khethehileng. libaka tsa mocheso, joalo ka:
- ≤-20°C
-25°C ho ea ho -20°C
-20°C ho ea ho -10°C
- 0°C ho isa ho 4°C
- 0°C ho isa ho 5°C
- 10°C ho isa ho 20°C
- ho tloha ho 20 ho isa ho 25 ° C
2.2 Lijo tse Cold Chain Transport
Lipalangoang tse batang tsa lijo, ntle le tse tloaelehileng ≤-10 ° C, ≤0 ° C, 0 ° C ho 8 ° C, le 0 ° C ho 25 ° C litlhoko tsa mocheso, ho na le libaka tse ling tse khethehileng tsa mocheso, tse kang:
- ≤-18°C
- 10°C ho isa ho 25°C
Litekanyetso tsena tsa mocheso li netefatsa hore meriana le lihlahisoa tsa lijo li tsamaisoa le ho bolokoa tlas'a maemo a bolokang boleng le polokeho ea tsona.
III.Bohlokoa ba Taolo ea Mocheso
3.1 Taolo ea Mocheso oa Lijo
3.1.1 Boleng ba Lijo le Polokeho
1. Taolo ea mocheso e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka boleng ba lijo le ho netefatsa bophelo bo botle ba bareki.Ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso ho ka lebisa kholong ea likokoana-hloko, liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale tse potlakileng, le liphetoho tsa 'mele, tse amang polokeho ea lijo le tatso.
2. Ho kenya ts'ebetsong taolo ea mocheso nakong ea thekiso ea lijo ho ka fokotsa ka katleho kotsi ea tšilafalo ea lijo.Maemo a nepahetseng a polokelo le lipalangoang a thusa ho thibela kholo ea libaktheria le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse kotsi, ho netefatsa boleng bo tsitsitseng ba lijo.(Lijo tse entsoeng ka sehatsetsing li tlameha ho bolokoa ka tlaase ho 5°C, ’me lijo tse phehiloeng li lokela ho bolokoa ka holimo ho 60°C pele li jeoa. Ha mocheso o bolokoa ka tlaase ho 5°C kapa ka holimo ho 60°C, ho hōla le ho ikatisa ha likokoana-hloko ho ea fokotseha kapa ho emisa; ka katleho ho thibela ho senyeha ha lijo Thempereichara ea 5°C ho isa ho 60°C ke sebaka se kotsi sa ho boloka lijo tse bolokiloeng mochesong oa kamore, haholo-holo ha ho chesa haholo, ha lia lokela ho tloheloa nako e fetang lihora tse peli E bolokiloe ka sehatsetsing, ha ea lokela ho bolokoa nako e telele pele e sebelisoa, ho futhumatsa hoa hlokahala ho netefatsa hore mocheso oa setsi sa lijo o fihla ka holimo ho 70 ° C, ka nako e lekaneng ea ho futhumatsa ho itšetlehile ka boholo, thepa ea ho fetisa mocheso le mocheso oa pele oa mocheso. lijo ho fihlela sterilization e phethahetseng.)
3.1.2 Ho Fokotsa Litšila le ho Theola Litšenyehelo
1. Taolo e sebetsang ea taolo ea mocheso e ka fokotsa tahlehelo le litšila tse bakoang ke ho senyeha ha lijo le tšenyo.Ka ho beha leihlo le ho lokisa mocheso, nako ea bophelo ea lishelefo ea lijo e ka atolosoa, ea fokotsa phaello le tahlehelo, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea phepelo ea thepa.
2. Ho kenya ts'ebetsong taolo ea mocheso ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso.Ka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea matla nakong ea polokelo le ea lipalangoang le ho fokotsa mathata a ka bang teng joalo ka ho lutla ha sehatsetsing, ho ka fihleloa lipakane tse tšoarellang tsa thepa.
3.1.3 Litlhoko tsa Taolo le Boikamahanyo
1. Linaha le libaka tse ngata li na le melao e thata ea taolo ea mocheso bakeng sa polokelo ea lijo le lipalangoang.Ho se ikobele melao ena ho ka baka likhohlano tsa molao, tahlehelo ea moruo le ho senya botumo ba k'hamphani.
2. Lik'hamphani tse rekisang lijo li hloka ho latela litekanyetso tsa machaba le tsa malapeng, tse kang HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) le GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices), ho netefatsa polokeho ea lijo le boleng.
3.1.4 Khotsofalo ea Bareki le Setumo sa Brand
1. Bareki ba ntse ba batla lijo tse foreshe le tse sireletsehileng.Taolo ea maemo a holimo ea mocheso e ka netefatsa boleng le tatso ea lijo nakong ea kabo, ho matlafatsa khotsofalo ea bareki.
2. Ho fana ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo ka linako tsohle ho thusa ho aha le ho boloka seriti se setle, ho matlafatsa tlholisano ea 'maraka, le ho hohela bareki ba tšepahalang haholoanyane.
3.1.5 Molemo oa Phalisano ea Limmaraka
1. Khoebong ea thekiso ea lijo e nang le tlholisano e phahameng, mokhoa o sebetsang oa taolo ea mocheso ke phapang ea bohlokoa.Likhamphani tse nang le bokhoni bo botle ba ho laola mocheso li ka fana ka lits'ebeletso tse tšepahalang le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa bareki.
2. Taolo ea taolo ea mocheso hape ke tsela ea bohlokoa bakeng sa barekisi ba lijo ho bonts'a boqapi ba bona ba thekenoloji le nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng, ho theha monyetla oa tlholisano 'marakeng.
3.1.6 Botsoalle ba Tikoloho le Ntlafatso ea Moshoelella
1. Ka taolo e nepahetseng ea taolo ea mocheso, lik'hamphani tsa thekiso ea lijo li ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla e sa hlokahaleng le ho tsoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, ho ikamahanya le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea lefats'e.
2. Ho sebelisa lihatsetsi tse baballang tikoloho le thekenoloji ea taolo ea mocheso ho ka fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho le ho feta, ho thusa lik'hamphani ho phethahatsa boikarabelo ba sechaba le ho ntlafatsa botumo ba tsona.
3.2 Taolo ea Mocheso oa Meriana
Meriana ea meriana ke lihlahisoa tse khethehileng, 'me mocheso o nepahetseng oa mocheso o ama ka ho toba polokeho ea batho.Nakong ea tlhahiso, lipalangoang le polokelo, mocheso o ama haholo boleng ba meriana.Ho se bolokehe ka mokhoa o lekaneng le lipalangoang, haholo-holo bakeng sa meriana e entsoeng ka sehatsetsing, ho ka lebisa ho fokotseng matla, ho senyeha, kapa litla-morao tse chefo tse eketsehileng.
Ka mohlala, mocheso oa polokelo o ama boleng ba meriana ka litsela tse 'maloa.Lithempereichara tse phahameng li ka ama likarolo tse sa tsitsang, ha mocheso o tlase o ka etsa hore meriana e meng e senyehe, joalo ka li-emulsion tse leqhoa le ho lahleheloa ke matla a tsona a ho qhibiliha ka mor'a ho qhibiliha.Liphetoho tsa mocheso li ka fetola thepa ea meriana, ea ama oxidation, decomposition, hydrolysis, le kholo ea likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko.
Thempereichara ea polokelo e susumetsa haholo boleng ba meriana.Lithempereichara tse phahameng kapa tse tlase li ka baka liphetoho tsa bohlokoa boleng ba meriana.Mohlala, litlhare tsa ente le litlhare tse qhibilihang ka metsing li ka peperana haeba li bolokiloe ka tlase ho 0°C.Libaka tse fapaneng tsa meriana li fetoha le mocheso, 'me ho boloka maemo a nepahetseng a mocheso ho bohlokoa bakeng sa tiiso ea boleng.
Tšusumetso ea mocheso oa polokelo setulong sa bophelo ba meriana ke ea bohlokoa.Bophelo ba sethala bo bolela nako eo ka eona boleng ba meriana bo lulang bo tsitsitse tlas'a maemo a khethehileng a polokelo.Ho ea ka mokhoa o lekantsoeng, ho phahamisa mocheso oa polokelo ka 10 ° C ho eketsa lebelo la karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ka makhetlo a 3-5, 'me haeba mocheso oa polokelo o le 10 ° C ho feta boemo bo boletsoeng, bophelo ba sethala bo fokotseha ka 1/4 ho 1. /2.Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa litlhare tse sa tsitsang, tse ka lahleheloang ke ts'ebetso kapa tsa ba chefo, tsa beha polokeho ea basebelisi kotsing.
IV.Taolo ea Mocheso oa Nako ea 'Nete le Tokiso ho Cold Chain Transport
Lipalangoang tse batang tsa lijo le tsa meriana, literaka tse nang le sehatsetsing le mabokose a insulated hangata li sebelisoa.Bakeng sa liodara tse kholo, literaka tse nang le sehatsetsing hangata li khethoa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang.Bakeng sa liodara tse nyane, lipalangoang tsa mabokose a insulated lia rateha, tse fanang ka maemo a bonolo bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa moea, tsa terene le tsa litsela.
- Literaka tse nang le Sehatsetsing: Tsena li sebelisa sehatsetsi se sebetsang, tse nang le likarolo tsa sehatsetsi tse kentsoeng ho laola mocheso ka har'a teraka.
- Mabokose a Insulated: Tsena li sebelisa pholileng feela, tse nang le lihatsetsi ka har'a mabokose ho monya le ho lokolla mocheso, ho boloka taolo ea mocheso.
Ka ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa lipalangoang le ho boloka taolo ea mocheso oa nako ea sebele, lik'hamphani li ka netefatsa polokeho le boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa tsona nakong ea thepa ea ketane e batang.
Tsebo ea V. Huizhou Tšimong Ena
Huizhou e sebetsa ka thata ho etsa lipatlisiso, nts'etsopele, tlhahiso le tlhahlobo ea mabokose a ho kenya letsoho le lihatsetsi.Re fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tsa lebokose la insulation tseo u ka khethang ho tsona, ho kenyelletsa:
- EPS (E Atolositsoeng Polystyrene) Mabokose a Insulation
- EPP (E Atolositsoeng Polypropylene) Mabokose a Insulation
- PU (Polyurethane) Mabokose a Insulation
- Mabokose a VPU (Vacuum Panel Insulation).
- Mabokose a Insulation ea Airgel
- VIP (Vacuum Insulated Panel) Mabokose a Insulation
- ESV (Enhanced Structural Vacuum) Mabokose a Insulation
Re arola mabokose a rona a insulation ka makhetlo a ts'ebeliso: mabokose a ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe le a ka sebelisoang hape, ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa bareki.
Re boetse re fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lihatsetsi tsa tlhaho le tsa inorganic, ho kenyelletsa:
- Leqhoa le omileng
- Lihatsetsi tse nang le lintlha tsa phetoho ea mekhahlelo ho -62°C, -55°C, -40°C, -33°C, -25°C, -23°C, -20°C, -18°C, -15° C, -12°C, 0°C, +2°C, +3°C, +5°C, +10°C, +15°C, +18°C, le +21°C
Khamphani ea rona e na le laboratori ea lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa lipatlisiso le liteko tsa lihatsetsi tse fapaneng, e sebelisa lisebelisoa tse kang DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), li-viscometers le lihatsetsi tse nang le libaka tse fapaneng tsa mocheso.
Huizhou e thehile lifeme libakeng tse kholo ho pholletsa le naha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa taelo ea naha.Re na le lisebelisoa tse sa feleng tsa mocheso le mongobo bakeng sa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea ho kenya mabokose a rona.Laboratori ea rona ea liteko e fetisitse tlhahlobo ea CNAS (China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment).
VI.Lithuto tsa linyeoe tsa Huizhou
Morero oa Lebokose la Meriana ea Insulation:
Khamphani ea rona e hlahisa mabokose a ts'ireletso a sebelisoang hape le lihatsetsi bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa meriana.Libaka tsa mocheso oa insulation tsa mabokose ana li kenyelletsa:
- ≤-25°C
- ≤-20°C
-25°C ho ea ho -15°C
- 0°C ho isa ho 5°C
-2°C ho isa ho 8°C
- 10°C ho isa ho 20°C
Morero oa Lebokose la Tšebeliso e le 'Ngoe:
Re etsa mabokose a ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe le lihatsetsi bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa meriana.Sebaka sa mocheso oa mocheso ke ≤0 ° C, haholo-holo se sebelisetsoang meriana ea machaba
thomello.
Morero oa Ice Pack:
Khamphani ea rona e hlahisa lihatsetsi bakeng sa lipalangoang tsa thepa e ncha, tse nang le lintlha tsa phetoho ho -20°C, -10°C, le 0°C.
Merero ena e bontša boitlamo ba Huizhou ba ho fana ka litharollo tsa boleng bo holimo, tse tšepahalang bakeng sa thepa e laoloang ke mocheso ho pholletsa le liindasteri tse fapaneng.
Nako ea poso: Jul-13-2024